Taxation without exasperation.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

 Working with Taxology Inc

  • We handle tax matters of any complexity – individual or business, single-state or multi-state. Our team prepares returns that include RSU income, investment portfolios, rental properties, and other specialized items; we serve U.S. residents, non-residents, and expatriates alike. We also prepare corporate, partnership, nonprofit, and trust returns, manage multi-year cleanup projects, and provide year-round tax planning. For added convenience, we can notarize documents in-house.

    The range of services includes:

    • Individual Tax Preparation – $225-500 (based on complexity)

    • Corporate, Partnership, Trust, Estate or Not-For-Profit Organization Tax Returns – $300-400 (based on complexity)

    • Sales and Use Tax Filings – $50 per quarter

    • Payroll Tax Filings (Quarterly Only) – $75 per quarter

    • Advisory Services – $200/hour (rate varies by topic)

    • Financial & Estate Planning – $200/hour

    • Expert Witness Services – $500/hour

    • FBAR (FinCEN 114) - $150 each

    • 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC - $25 each

    • Internal/External Audits, Reviews & Compilations – Depends on the scope

    • Financial Statement Preparation (Income Statement & Balance Sheet) – $200-300 per statements

    • Attestations of Income (For Banks or Landlords) – $150

    • Notarization – $2 per signature (per state law)

    • Business Formation (LLC, S-Corp, C-Corp, NFP in any state) – $300  + applicable state fees

    Currently we don’t offer bookkeeping services, but we can refer you to one of our affiliated bookkeepers.

    1. You send us your paperwork and basic information.

    2. We prepare a first draft using the data provided. We also run built-in software alerts to catch any missing fields. 

    3. You review the draft – we email a PDF for you to look over. Tell us if something looks off or a form is still on the way. 

    4. We fine-tune and finalize – on a call or by exchanging emails. 

    5. After you approve the final version of the return, we’ll ask for or confirm your bank details so the IRS can direct-deposit your refund or pull your payment.

    6. We e-file your federal and state returns.

    7. We email you confirmations of the IRS and state acceptances, plus a PDF of your final return. We can also mail you the return.

    8. We stay available for any questions later on.

  • You may submit your tax documents via:

    • Email (attachments or a zip-file)

    • Google Drive

    • DropBox

    • SendInc - this service provides secure document exchanging

    • Fax

    • Mail

    • Or schedule an in-person appointment at my office in Astoria

  • First, if you are a new client, we need your basic information:

    • full name, 

    • SSN (Social Security Number), 

    • DOB (Date of Birth), 

    • address,

    • occupation,

    • email, 

    • phone number, 

    • previous year tax return

    If you are married, we would also need the same information about your spouse.

    For each dependent, please send their:

    • first and last name,

    • SSN (Social Security Number), 

    • DOB (Date of Birth), 

    • relationship to you (son, daughter, parent, etc.)

    Second, we need your tax documents. Below is a list of possible documents you may want to include:

    • W-2s

    • 1099s (Interest, dividends, pensions, sales proceeds, cryptocurrency, unemployment, etc.)

    • 1098s (mortgage interest, student loan interest, tuition)

    • 1095-A (health insurance marketplace coverage)

    • K-1 forms

    • Income and expenses summary if you’re self-employed or have rental property (separately for each property)

    • Documentation for any major life events or changes (like moving to another state, new dependents, etc.)

    • Any other tax documents relevant to your situation (childcare expenses, educational expenses, major healthcare expenses, property taxes, charitable contributions, foreign income summaries, etc.)

    Finally, after we’ve finalized the draft, we would need your direct-deposit banking details for refunds or payment drafts:

    • Bank name

    • Account number

    • Routing number

    • Type of account (checking or savings)

    • Full annual bank or credit-card statements. Instead, please provide a summary by category with the items related to your business.

    • Individual invoices or receipts. Although it is useful to keep track of these documents, for tax purposes it is better to send us an annual summary with categories.

    • Year-end account-balance statements. Net worth figures (e.g. brokerage portfolio value) don’t affect taxable income. Only realized gains/losses and distributions matter. These should be shown on IRS forms, such as 1099-INT, 1099-DIV or 1099-B.

    • Form 5498 (IRA/SEP/SIMPLE contribution statement). It is just a year-end report from your IRA provider. You don’t need to include it in your tax return. However, if you received Form 1099-R - which reports any money you took out of a pension, annuity, or IRA - please send that form to us. The amounts on 1099-R (taxable distributions and any withholding) must be entered on your return.

    • Forms 1095-B or 1095-C. These two forms don’t need to be included in your tax return. However, if you received Form 1095-A from the Marketplace, don’t forget to send it to us.

  • The earlier the better. Please send us all your documents at least 15 days before the due date. Documents received after March 1 for Partnerships/S-Corps and April 1 for Individuals/C-Corps may not be processed in time for the standard filing deadline, and we cannot guarantee an on-time filing. If necessary, we will submit an extension on your behalf.

  • We use TaxAct Professional.

  • You can schedule a call on Calendly: https://calendly.com/zhanna-kelley-cpa/30min

    The options include Zoom, Google Meet and my office (23-23 Steinway Street, Long Island City, NY 11105).

  • I speak English and Russian fluently.

  • After you approve the final draft [by email or in person], I electronically file your federal and state returns for you.

  • You’ll get a confirmation email from us as soon as the IRS and any applicable state accepts it.

  • We’ll send you a copy electronically or mail it to you upon request.

  • You can pay after we file your return. The payment methods include:

  • Email me right away with a scanned copy of the notice so I can review it. If the audit stems from an error on my part, my assistance is free of charge. If the issue isn’t due to my work, I’m still happy to help; fees are determined by the complexity of your case.

    • Extensions provide more time to file, but not more time to pay. Any taxes owed must be paid by the original deadline to avoid penalties and interest. {Occasionally, due to a natural disaster, IRS offers more time to people living in some zip codes}

    • All documents must be submitted to us at least 15 days prior to the relevant deadline. For mid-March filers, this means by March 1; for mid-April filers, by April 1. We cannot guarantee timely filing if we receive your documents after these dates due to the influx of work at those times.

    • If you require IRS transcripts or wage/income records, please be aware these are generally not available until mid-May for current tax years.

    • If you submit an incorrect routing or account number for a refund or tax payment, the IRS may charge a bounced check fee, even if the issue was due to a simple typo.

    • While we prepare your return, you are ultimately responsible for the information filed with the IRS and your state. Please provide all the relevant information and carefully review your return before approving it for submission.

    • During the final two weeks before deadlines, the email volume increases significantly. It may take several days to respond. Please do not send multiple follow-up emails, as this will push your message to the back of the queue. I reply in the order received and appreciate your patience.

Templates and Worksheets

  • To prepare your self-employment taxes, please send us the following:

    • Your purpose of business or profession

    • Your business address

    • Your accounting method (cash or accrual)

    • If you have issued or need to issue any 1099s

    • All your 1099-NEC, 1099-MISC and 1099-K forms

    • Other income,  not included in the forms

    • Total expenses for the year that may include:

      • Advertising

      • Car and truck expenses (mileage or actual expenses)

      • Commissions and fees

      • Contract labor

      • Depletion

      • Depreciation and section 179 expense deduction

      • Insurance (other than health)

      • Interest

      • Legal and professional services

      • Office expense

      • Rent of lease of vehicles, machinery, equipment or other business property

      • Repairs and maintenance

      • Supplies

      • Taxes and licenses

      • Travel

      • Meals

      • Utilities

      • Other expenses

      • Business use of your home (we need square footage of your home office vs total and the summary of expenses, e.g. rent, utilities, repairs and maintenance, mortgage interest)

    Your expenses categories may vary depending on the purpose of your business. To receive more detailed information please contact us.

  • For each rental property separately, we would need:

    • Address

    • Number of fair rental vs personal use days

    • Type of property (single family, multi-family, vacation/short-term rental, other)

    • Rents received

    • Totals for any of the following expenses:

      • Advertising

      • Auto and travel

      • Cleaning and maintenance

      • Commissions

      • Insurance

      • Legal and other professional fees

      • Management fees

      • Mortgage interest (1098 form)

      • Other interest

      • Repairs

      • Supplies

      • Taxes

      • Utilities

      • Depreciation expense or depletion (automatically calculated if you are an existing client)

      • Homeowners or condo association fees

  • Note that medical expenses are included in itemized deductions only if they are above 7.5% or AGI.

    If you want us to include your medical expenses, please send the summaries of any of these categories:

    • Insurance Premiums

    • Doctor, dentist, and hospital fees

    • Prescription medicines and drugs

    • Medical aids such as eyeglasses, contact lenses, and hearing aids

    • Transportation

      • Parking fees and tolls

      • Actual out-of-pocket expenses for vehicle

    • Other medical and dental expenses

    For more detailed information, please visit: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p502

  • For each dependent care provider, we need:

    • Company name

    • EIN

    • Address

    • Total amount paid

  • In most cases, we would need just one number for the total charitable contributions made during the year.

    However, in case you contributed something other than cash or check, and the total is more than $500, please also send the following:

    • Name of charity

    • Address

    • Description of donated property

    • Date of contribution

    • Original cost or adjusted basis

    • Fair market value

    • Method used to determine the fair market value (e.g. thrift store evaluation)

  • If you want us to file a 1099-NEC form on behalf of you or your company, please send us:

    • Information about your company

      • Full name/Company name

      • EIN/SSN

      • Address

      • Contact name

      • Phone number

    • Amount paid to each contractor

    • W-9 form of each contractor or the following:

      • Full name/Company name

      • SSN/EIN

      • Address

      • Email (in case you want them to receive an electronic copy instead of a mailed one)

  • For each foreign bank account, please provide:

    • Account number

    • Type of account (deposit or custodial)

    • If the account was opened or closed during the year (yes/no)

    • If the account is owned jointly with spouse or anybody else

      • For a joint owner, please send us their name, SSN or other TIN, and address

    • Maximum value of account during the tax year (in local currency)

    • Foreign currency in which the account is maintained (if not USD)

    • Name of the financial institution

    • Mailing address of the financial institution

  • If you want us to help you open a company, please send us the following information.

    Information about the future company:

    • Entity Name

    • Entity Type (LLC, S corp, C corp)

    • Entity State of Formation

    • Entity Address

    • Do you need a registered agent?

    • Entity Purpose

    • Entity Phone #

    Information about you:

    • Your full name

    • SSN (if none, then TPD = Third Party Designee)

    • DOB

    • Address

    • Phone #

Tax Basics

  • Jan 15

    • 4th-quarter 2024 individual estimated tax (Form 1040-ES)

    Jan 31

    • W-2 and 1099-NEC deadline

    • Q4 2024 payroll

    Mar 17

    • Partnership (1065) & S-corp (1120-S) returns deadline

    • If you need an extension, please file it before that date and pay the taxes due

    Apr 15

    • Individual returns (1040) & tax payment deadline

    • C-corp (1120) returns deadline

    • Trust/Estate (1041) returns deadline

    • If you need an extension, please file it before that date and pay the taxes due

    • 1st-quarter 2025 estimated tax (individual & C-corp)

    • FBAR/FinCEN 114 (automatic extension to Oct 15)

    Apr 30

    • Q1 2025 payroll 

    May 15

    • Tax-exempt/Non-profit organization (990) return deadline

    Jun 16

    • 2nd-quarter 2025 estimated tax (individual & C-corp) 

    Jul 31

    • Q2 2025 payroll

    Sep 15

    • 3rd-quarter 2025 estimated tax (individual & C-corp)

    • Extended 2024 Partnership (1065) & S-corp (1120-S) returns

    Sep 30

    • Final deadline for trusts/estates (1041)

    Oct 15

    • Extended Individual (1040) & C-corp (1120) returns deadline

    • Final FBAR deadline

    Oct 31

    • Q3 2025 payroll

    Dec 15

    • 4th-quarter 2025 C-corp estimated tax

    Jan 15, 2026

    • 4th-quarter 2025 individual estimated tax

  • For most married couples, MFJ yields the lowest tax bill and the broadest set of benefits. It has a larger standard deduction and access to more credits. 

    MFS is best reserved for special situations – protecting one spouse from the other’s liabilities, qualifying for certain itemized deductions, or when legally separated.

    If you wish, we can perform an MFJ/MFS analysis for you after preparing an initial draft. We will need both sets of documents – from both spouses – to do so.

  • A deduction lowers the amount of income the IRS taxes, saving you only a percentage of the deduction (your tax rate). A credit cuts your tax bill dollar for dollar – and if it’s refundable, you can get money back even when the credit is bigger than your tax.

  • Below are some popular deductions:

  • Here are some of the popular text credits:

  • The most popular methods are:

    • IRS Direct Pay (free ACH from a checking or savings account) or an electronic funds withdrawal when you e-file.

    • Debit or credit card, or digital wallets such as PayPal or Click to Pay, through IRS-approved processors (fees apply).

    • Check or money order.

    • Short- or long-term installment agreement with automatic monthly debits or other payment methods.

    For more options, please visit this page: https://www.irs.gov/payments

  • The most popular methods are:

    • Direct deposit (checking, savings or retirement account) – the fastest way to get a refund

    • Paper check: IRS will mail your check to the address on your return.

    For more options, please visit the IRS website: https://www.irs.gov/refunds

    • File a FBAR (FinCEN 114) if all your foreign financial accounts together exceeded $10,000 at any time during the previous year.

    • File Form 8938 (FATCA) if your foreign financial assets were over $50,000 ($100,000 if married filing jointly) on December 31, or over $75,000 ($150,000 jointly) at any point during the year. Higher limits apply if you reside abroad. Form 8938 is attached to your tax return.

    • You must file both forms when both thresholds are met.


    For more information, please visit this page: https://www.irs.gov/businesses/comparison-of-form-8938-and-fbar-requirements

  • No, according to the FinCEN’s final rule issued March 26 2025. Domestic entities formed under U.S. law (corporations, LLCs, etc.) and their owners are now exempt from Beneficial Ownership Information reporting. Only certain foreign companies registered to do business in the United States must still file.

    For more information, please visit the FinCEN website: https://www.fincen.gov/boi

    • File 1099-NEC when you pay $600 or more in the year for services to non-employees (independent contractors, freelancers, legal and professional fees).

    • File 1099-MISC for other reportable payments: rents ($600+), royalties ($10+), prizes or awards ($600+), or other income payments ($600+). 

    You don’t need to file the forms if the payment is below the threshold or the payee is a corporation. 

    Deadlines: you have to send 1099-NEC to the IRS by January 31 and 1099-MISC by February 28 (paper) or March 31 (e-file).

    For more information on these forms, please visit this page: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1099mec

  • LLC (Limited Liability Company)

    Benefits:

    • Limited Liability Protection: LLCs provide limited liability protection, meaning the owners (called members) are generally not personally liable for the company's debts or liabilities. Personal assets are protected.

    • Pass-Through Taxation: By default, LLCs are taxed as pass-through entities, meaning the company's profits and losses pass through to the individual members' tax returns (avoiding double taxation). The LLC itself doesn’t pay taxes; instead, members report their share of profits/losses on their personal tax returns.

      • However, an LLC can elect to be taxed as an S Corporation or C Corporation if advantageous.

    • Flexibility in Management and Ownership: LLCs allow flexibility in how they are managed (either by members or appointed managers). There's no need for a board of directors or annual meetings, unlike corporations.

    • No Ownership Restrictions: LLCs can have an unlimited number of members, and members can be individuals, corporations, or other LLCs. Unlike S Corps, LLCs don’t have restrictions on foreign ownership or the number of owners.

    • Fewer Formalities: LLCs have fewer required formalities and ongoing compliance requirements than corporations (like annual meetings, corporate minutes, etc.), making them easier to maintain.

    Disadvantages:

    • Self-Employment Taxes: In many cases, LLC members must pay self-employment taxes on the entire net income of the business, which includes Social Security and Medicare taxes.

    • Limited Life: In some states, an LLC can have a limited life (e.g., it may automatically dissolve after a certain period or upon the departure of a member unless the operating agreement specifies otherwise).

    S Corporation (S-Corp)

    Benefits:

    • Pass-Through Taxation (Avoids Double Taxation): Like an LLC, an S Corp is a pass-through entity where profits and losses are passed through to the shareholders' personal tax returns. The business itself does not pay federal income taxes, thus avoiding the double taxation issue that C Corps face.

    • Self-Employment Tax Savings: One of the main advantages of an S Corp over an LLC is that shareholders who are also employees of the business can pay themselves a reasonable salary, and only that salary is subject to self-employment taxes. Profits beyond the salary (distributions) are generally not subject to self-employment taxes.

    • Limited Liability Protection: Like LLCs, S Corps provide limited liability protection for their shareholders.

    • Ownership Restrictions: S Corps allow for easy transfer of ownership interests, as shares can be sold or transferred to other U.S. citizens or residents. However, the S Corp is restricted to a maximum of 100 shareholders, and all shareholders must be individuals (no corporations, LLCs, or partnerships as shareholders). Additionally, S Corps can only issue one class of stock.

    • Tax Deductible Business Expenses: S Corps can deduct business expenses like salaries, benefits, and office supplies, reducing taxable income.

    Disadvantages:

    • Ownership Restrictions: As mentioned, an S Corp has strict limitations on the number and type of shareholders. This can limit the ability to bring in diverse investors.

    • More Formalities: S Corps must adhere to more corporate formalities than LLCs, such as holding annual meetings, recording minutes, and having a board of directors.

    • Reasonable Compensation Requirement: The IRS requires that owners of S Corps who work for the business be paid a "reasonable salary" for the work they do. If the salary is too low, the IRS may reclassify distributions as salary and impose penalties.

    • State-Level Taxes: Some states impose state-level taxes on S Corps, which may limit the tax advantages in certain jurisdictions.

    C Corporation (C-Corp)

    Benefits:

    • Limited Liability Protection: Like LLCs and S Corps, C Corps offer limited liability protection, meaning shareholders are not personally responsible for the corporation’s debts or liabilities.

    • Unlimited Shareholders: C Corps can have an unlimited number of shareholders, making them ideal for companies seeking outside investors, including venture capitalists and private equity firms.

    • Attracting Investment: C Corps can issue multiple classes of stock (e.g., preferred stock), which is often a requirement for attracting venture capital or issuing stock options to employees. This is a major advantage over LLCs and S Corps, which cannot issue multiple classes of stock.

    • Employee Benefits: C Corps can offer various tax-deductible employee benefits, such as healthcare, retirement plans, and stock options, which can attract top talent.

    • Lower Tax Rates for Reinvested Earnings: While C Corps are subject to double taxation, they can retain earnings at the corporate tax rate (which may be lower than individual tax rates), allowing for reinvestment into the business. This can be advantageous for companies looking to grow without distributing all profits to shareholders.

    • Potential for International Expansion: C Corps have a more straightforward structure for businesses looking to operate internationally, as they can have foreign shareholders and can be publicly traded.

    Disadvantages:

    • Double Taxation: The major drawback of a C Corp is that it is subject to double taxation: once at the corporate level (on the business’s profits) and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed to shareholders. This is a significant disadvantage compared to LLCs and S Corps, which are pass-through entities.

    • More Formalities and Complexity: C Corps require more formalities than LLCs and S Corps, including holding annual meetings, having a board of directors, issuing stock, and filing more paperwork with the state. Compliance costs are generally higher.

    • State-Level Corporate Taxes: Some states impose additional state-level corporate taxes on C Corps, which further increases their tax burden.

    Summary Comparison of LLC vs. S-Corp vs. C-Corp:

    Taxation

    • LLC: Pass-through taxation (no federal tax on the LLC itself)

    • S-Corp: Pass-through taxation (no federal tax on the S Corp itself)

    • C-Corp: Double taxation (corporate tax + tax on dividends)

    Liability Protection

    • LLC: Yes

    • S-Corp: Yes

    • C-Corp: Yes

    Self-Employment Tax

    • LLC: Entire income may be subject to self-employment tax

    • S-Corp: Only salary is subject to self-employment tax (distributions are not)

    • C-Corp: Salary is subject to payroll tax, but no self-employment tax on dividends

    Ownership Restrictions

    • LLC: No restrictions on ownership

    • S-Corp: Max 100 shareholders, must be U.S. citizens/residents

    • C-Corp: Unlimited shareholders, can include foreign investors

    Management Flexibility

    • LLC: Flexible management structure

    • S-Corp: Formal structure with directors and officers

    • C-Corp: Formal structure with board of directors and officers

    Attracting Investors

    • LLC: Easier for small businesses, but less appealing to VCs

    • S-Corp: Limited by shareholder restrictions, good for smaller businesses

    • C-Corp: Ideal for raising large capital, especially from venture capital

    Stock Classes

    • LLC: N/A

    • S-Corp: One class of stock only

    • C-Corp: Multiple classes of stock allowed

    Compliance Requirements

    • LLC: Minimal, but must file annual reports

    • S-Corp: More formalities (board, minutes, etc.)

    • C-Corp: High (formal board meetings, minutes, etc.)

Extensions: What You Need to Know

  • A tax‐filing extension is a formal request (Form 4868 for individuals, Form 7004 for businesses) that gives you up to six extra months to submit the return - but no extra time to pay the tax, just more time to file the paperwork.

    The extension pushes an individual or C-corp deadline to Oct 15 and a partnership/S-corp deadline to Sept 15. Short-year or fiscal-year filers count six months from their original due date.

  • Anytime you know the return (individual, partnership, S-corp, C-corp, trust, estate, etc.) won’t be ready by its original deadline - usually April 15 for individuals/C-corps and March 15 for partnerships/S-Corps. We can file an extension for you - it’s free in case you plan to submit your tax return with us later.

  • Generally, you would need to file a federal extension and a state extension for each state you lived and worked in last year. However, many states honor the federal extension if you don’t need to make any payments. Nine states have no state taxes.

  • The IRS still wants any tax paid by the original due date (April 15 for individual returns). If you expect to owe taxes, you should pay as close as possible to your actual tax liability to avoid penalties and interest. If your payment ends up being more than required, you'll receive a refund once you file your return.

  • The failure-to-pay penalty is 0.5 % for each month, or part of a month, up to a maximum of 25%, of the amount of tax that remains unpaid from the due date of the return until the tax is paid in full. [Link]

    If you owe tax and don't file on time (or don’t file an extension), there's also a penalty. The failure-to-file penalty is usually 5% of the tax owed for each month, or part of a month that your return is late, up to a maximum of 25%. If your return is over 60 days late, there's also a minimum penalty for late filing; it's the lesser of $510 (for tax returns required to be filed in 2025) or 100 percent of the tax owed. [Link]

    If you timely requested an extension of time to file your individual income tax return and paid at least 90 percent of the taxes you owe with your request, you may not face a failure-to-pay penalty. However, you must pay any remaining balance by the extended due date. [Link]

    For more details about penalties and interest - please visit the IRS website.

  • If you are an existing client, we already have your basic info. In that case - just tell if you want us to pay with the extension. 

    If you want to file an extension with a payment, we'll need an estimate of your total tax liability for the year and your bank routing/account numbers to make the payment. 

    If you are a new client, for the extension we would need your:

    • Full name

    • SSN

    • DOB

    • Occupation

    • Address

    • Phone number

    • States where you lived and worked last year

  • For a federal extension, you would need to file Form 4868. You can ask us to file it for you.

    The most popular option to pay federal taxes is IRS Direct Pay: https://www.irs.gov/payments/direct-pay-with-bank-account

    You can see other options here: https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-act-now-to-file-pay-or-request-an-extension

    If you want to file a state extension, you can find a list of links for requesting one here. Note that some states require filing a separate state tax-extension form, while in others simply paying is enough once your federal extension has been accepted.

    State - Need to file a separate state extension?

    Some useful tips:

    • Always confirm you’re on the “.gov” site for security.

    • Double-check the tax year and form before you hit “Submit.” A common mis-click is choosing “1040-ES (estimated tax)” instead of “4868 (extension)”

    • Keep confirmation numbers or screenshots. You will later need these numbers to complete your tax return.